TRANSPORTATION
Roads:
Viet Nam’s road system includes:
- national roads administered by the central level;
- provincial roads managed by the provincial level,
- district roads managed by the district level,
- urban roads managed by cities and towns;
- and commune roads managed by the commune level.
The total length of the Viet Nam road system is about 222,179 km with 19.0 % paved, mainly national roads and provincial roads (source: Vietnam Road Administration, 2004). The national road system length is 17,295 km with 83.5% of its length paved. The provincial road system is 27,762 km of length with 53.6% paved.
Expressway is rather a new concept for Vietnamese, traffic is growing rapidly but the major roads are dangerous due to inappropriate design and an inappropriate traffic mix. Expressways would solve these problems along the key corridors, by separating high speed traffic from slower, local traffic.
Viet Nam currently recognizes two classes of expressway. Both have a minimum of two lanes in each direction, but Class A has grade separated interchanges, while Class B has at-grade intersections. There are 4 design-speed categories: 60, 80, 100 and 120 km/h. Generally all cars, buses and trucks are permitted on the expressway but cong nong and motorcycles of less than 70 cc engine capacity are not.
Railroads:
Tracks
- total: 2,652 km
- standard gauge: 180 km
- narrow gauge (metre gauge): 2,249 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 33?8 in) gauge
- dual gauge: 237 km N-m gauges (three rails) (1998)
Railway links with adjacent countries
- China - yes - break-of-gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3/8 in)/1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1/2 in) at Hanoi - 237 km dual gauge
- Cambodia - no - same gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3/8 in)
- Laos - no - same gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3/8 in)
Towns to be served by rail
- Ho Chi Minh
- Loc Ninh - near Cambodia border.
- Di An - junction for Loc Ninh which borders Cambodia.
- Cost of the Ho Chi Minh-Loc Ninh railway at US$438mil.
Urban Railways
Ho Chi Minh City Metro - Advanced Planning Stage
Aviation:
Vietnam operates 17 major civil airports, including three international gateways: Noi Bai serving Hanoi, Danang serving Danang City, and Tan Son Nhat serving Ho Chi Minh City. Tan Son Nhat is the largest, handling 75 percent of international passenger traffic.
Vietnam Airlines, the national airline, has a fleet of 30 aircraft that link Vietnam with 19 foreign cities. In 2004 Vietnam Airlines had 5 million passengers, up 25 percent from the prior year, and management expects the number of passengers to reach 12 million by 2010. In November 2004, Vietnam Airlines announced that it would purchase 10 Airbus A321–200 aircraft and continue negotiations for four Boeing 787 “Dreamliner” aircraft.
Vietnam Airlines’ goal is to expand its fleet to 73 aircraft by 2010. Beginning in 2006, Vietnam Airlines will cooperate with American Airlines in international flights under a codeshare agreement. Vietnam Airlines’ code will apply to American Airlines flights from the United States to Vietnam, Japan, and Europe. American Airlines’ code will apply to Vietnam Airlines flights from Vietnam to Japan and Europe.